Angiography is a type of X-ray used to check blood vessels. Blood vessels do not show clearly on a normal X-ray, so a special dye called a contrast agent needs to be injected into your blood first. This highlights your blood vessels, allowing your doctor to see any problems. 

Angioplasty is often followed by the placement of a small wire mesh tube called a stent. The stent helps prop the artery open and decreases the chance of the artery narrowing again. Most stents are coated with medicine that helps keep the artery open. 

Pacemaker implantation is a procedure to put a small battery-operated device called a pacemaker into your chest. The pacemaker sends regular electrical impulses, which help keep your heart beating regularly. Having a pacemaker fitted is one of the most common types of heart procedures .

A cardiac treadmill test (CTMT) or cardiac stress test helps determine how far your heart can go before an abnormal rhythm or blood flow to the heart muscle drops. A treadmill test is an advanced preventive screening for detecting heart disease .

Echocardiography, also known as cardiac ultrasound, is the use of ultrasound to examine the heart. It is a type of medical imaging, using standard ultrasound or Doppler ultrasound. The visual image formed using this technique is called an echocardiogram, a cardiac echo, or simply an echo. 

 Holter monitor is a type of portable electrocardiogram (ECG). It records the electrical activity of the heart over 24 hours or longer while you are away from your healthcare provider's office. A standard or resting ECG is one of the simplest and fastest tests used to check the heart. 

STRESS ECHO

Stress echocardiography, also called an echocardiography stress test or stress echo, is a procedure that determines how well your heart and blood vessels are working.

During a stress echocardiography, you’ll exercise on a treadmill or stationary bike while your doctor monitors your blood pressure and heart rhythm.

When your heart rate reaches peak levels, your doctor will take ultrasound images of your heart to determine whether your heart muscles are getting enough blood and oxygen while you exercise.

Pediatric Echocardiography is a test that uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart. It is used with children to help diagnose defects of the heart that are present at birth (congenital). The picture is more detailed than a regular x-ray image. An echocardiogram also does not expose children to radiation .

An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is a small electronic device connected to the heart. It is used to continuously monitor and help regulate potentially fast and life-threatening electrical problems with the heart. 

The ICD responds to irregular life-threatening heart rhythms from the lower chambers of the heart with pacing that corrects a fast rhythm and promotes a normal heartbeat, or a shock (defibrillation) that resets the heart rhythm to prevent sudden cardiac arrest. An ICD also records and stores information about your heart rhythm and therapies delivered by the ICD for your doctor to review. 

 CRT-D is an implantable cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) defibrillator for patients with heart failure. The device monitors the heart's rhythm, detects irregularities and corrects them with electrical impulses. Like an implantable defibrillator (ICD), a CRT-D stops life-threatening ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation with relatively weak and painless stimulation therapy or electrical shocks. CRT-Ds differ from ICDs in that they help your heart’s lower chambers – the ventricles – work in tandem. To do this, CRT-Ds have three leads – wires that deliver energy to the heart – rather than one or two, as in an ICD. A CRT-P is a cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker that does not have the defibrillation capabilities of a CRT-D. \nCRT-Ds enhance the heart’s effectiveness and increase blood flow. They improve heart failure symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath and exercise intolerance. Cardiac resynchronization therapy significantly lowers the risk of life-threatening cardiac events. Many patients’ quality of life improves significantly with a CRT-D. Surgery is necessary to implant a CRT-D .

 Hypertension A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high.

Usually hypertension is defined as blood pressure above 140/90, and is considered severe if the pressure is above 180/120.

High blood pressure often has no symptoms. Over time, if untreated, it can cause health conditions, such as heart disease and stroke.